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Petroleum coal mines are areas where humans mine coal resources in coal-rich mines, which are generally divided into shaft mines and surface mines. When the coal seam is far from the surface, generally choose to dig the tunnel to the underground to extract the coal, this is the shaft coal mine.

When the coal seam is very close to the surface, the coal is usually mined directly by stripping the surface soil, which is an open-pit coal mine. The majority of coal mines in China are underground coal mines. Coal mines cover a large area above and below ground and related facilities. A coal mine is a logical space excavated by humans to excavate a coal-rich geological formation, usually including tunnels, shafts, and mining faces. Coal is the predominant solid fuel and is a type of combustible organic rock. It is formed by natural coalification over a long geological period of time from flourishing plants that grew in a certain geological age, gradually accumulating in thick layers and buried under water or in mud and sand in a suitable geological environment. Among all geological periods in the world, coal is produced most in the strata of Carboniferous, Permian, Jurassic and Tertiary periods, which are important coal-forming eras. Coal generally has a carbon content of 46 to 97%, is brown to black in color, and has a dull to metallic luster.

Depending on the degree of coalification, coal can be divided into four categories: peat, lignite, bituminous coal and anthracite.